Using ANNOVAR summary routine I have got a exome_summary.csv file that contains different columns with 1000 genomes and 5400 exomes frequencies with some empty cells. I asume that empty cells correspond to SNPs that were not found in any of these databases. However there are cases where you get frequencies either in 1000 genomes or 5400 exomes but not in the other database. I would understand it if the alllele frequency in the alternate database would be very low, but there are cases where this frequency can be up to 80%. Does anyone know what is the reason for these big discrepancies between these databases?
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The 1000G and 5400ESP projects used different pipelines for sequencing, read mapping and and variant calling, so at least some of the major discrepancies between the listed allele frequencies are due to different quirks in their respective pipelines. For example, each pipeline might consistently map ambiguous reads to a different site in a repetitive or low-complexity region, giving the variant calls in that region a high frequency in one database but not the other.
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CRISPR/Cas9 sparked the gene editing revolution for both research and therapeutics.1 But this system still showed severe issues that limited its applications. The most prominent were the heavy reliance on PAM sequences, delivery limitations, double-stranded breaks that prompt unintended edits and cell death, and editing inefficiency (both in targeting and in knock-in reliability).
Despite this, “CRISPR helped turn genome editing from a specialized technique into...07-31-2026, 11:01 AM
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